A membrane potential assay using mouse brain synaptoneurosomes was evaluated for the determination of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) toxin content of mussels and other bivalve species important to the shellfish industry. The assay relies on the ability of PSP toxin, to block veratridine-induced depolarization of synaptoneurosomes. Changes in the membrane potential of synaptoneurosomes were monitored using the voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe rhodamine 6G. Standard saxitoxin was found to be a potent inhibitor of the membrane depolarizing effects of the sodium channel activator veratridine (I-50 ca. 4 nM). Likewise, shellfish extracts containing PSP toxins inhibited veratridine-induced depolarization. Neither saxitoxin or shellfish extracts had any discernible effect on the resting membrane potential of synaptoneurosomes. When synaptoneurosomal results for extracts of mussels (n = 120) and other shellfish (n = 29) were correlated with official mouse toxicity assay data there was very good agreement (r(2) = 0.84 and 0.86, respectively), indicating that the in vitro assay has utility for a variety of commercially relevant shellfish species. Our investigation suggests that the mouse synaptoneurosome assay is of similar sensitivity to the official CD1 mouse toxicity assay. The synaptoneurosome fraction can be p